This is a broad topic but I'll try to not get too technical.
All blades have their differences, you'll never run into 2 blades that are behave in exactly the same manner, due to different steels, different methods of forging, variable hardness of different steels and different feedback that they provide you with when honing them. In saying that, the differences are very minuscule and once you get some practice and a feel for a few different blades on the stones you'll be able to pick it up. There is no general rule when it comes to carbon vs stainless vs Damascus vs Tool Steel vs Chemical Steel vs Magnetic Steel vs Swedish Steel vs Tamahagane Steel vs white steel vs Carboinox etc...
I've had carbon steel that was harder than stainless depending on how they were heat treated on the Hardness Rockwell Scale (HRC). So don't over think it, you will only confuse yourself if you do, this applies more to natural stones as they all behave differently too and each have their individual character.
Technique is something you will pick up eventually, I'm working on starting a honing thread. You will have to learn a few different types of strokes which I am in the progress of finding demos to show everyone and figure out what works better for you. I've asked this many times and I'll keep asking...
What is your purpose of getting into honing.
- Do you want to keep your own razor maintained and shaving sharp at all times, if so, like
@filobiblic mentioned, you wont need to go any further than a $50 set of diamond films, if you want to be more creative, grab a cheap natural stone to get a little creative to use with the films but try to limit the variables to eliminate confusion.
- Do you want to get into the hobby of honing and collecting vintage razors and doing some bevel setting and repair work? If so, grab yourself a good set of synthetic hones and a few GDs and cheap vintages so you could bash and get some good stone time, add some variables as you go but not too much of it.
- Do want to hone razors for other people? If so, you're better off investing in a set of high end hones like Choseras/Shaptons and and a series of different natural stones, build your own methods, progressions and start getting creative and very consistent results and add as many variables as you could think of in your spare time to boost your XP.